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In ancient Roman religion and myth, Hercules was venerated as a divinized hero and incorporated into the legends of Rome's founding. The Romans adapted Greek myths and the iconography of Heracles into their own literature and art, but the hero developed distinctly Roman characteristics. Some Greek sources as early as the 6th and 5th century BC gave Heracles Roman connections during his famous labors.〔T.P. Wiseman, ''Remus: A Roman Myth'' (Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 39, 41.〕 Dionysius of Halicarnassus places Hercules among divine figures honored at Rome "whose souls after they had left their mortal bodies are said to have ascended to Heaven and to have obtained the same honours as the gods."〔Dionysius of Halicarnassus 7.72.13-14, In describing the images of deities displayed in the ceremonial procession at Rome known as the ''pompa circensis'', as cited by Jörg Rüpke, ''Religion in Republican Rome: Rationalization and Ritual Change'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012, p. 41.〕 His apotheosis thus served as one model during the Empire for the concept of the deified emperor.〔Peter Herz, "Emperors: Caring for the Empire and Their Successors," in ''A Companion to Roman Religion'' (Blackwell, 2007), p. 315.〕 ==Temples and topography== The divine Hercules was cultivated at Rome as early as the 6th century BC, at a temple next to the shrine of Carmenta and the Porta Carmentalis.〔Wiseman, ''Remus'', pp. 41–42.〕 By the 5th century BC, the mythological tradition was well established that Hercules had visited Rome during his tenth labor, when he stole the cattle of Geryon in the far west and drove them through Italy.〔Wiseman, ''Remus'', p. 39, citing Hellanicus of Mytilene.〕 Several Augustan writers offer narratives of the hero's time in Rome to explain the presence of the Ara Maxima dedicated to Hercules in the Forum Boarium,〔Including Livy, Vergil, Propertius and Ovid; Wiseman, ''Remus'', p. 39.〕 the "Cattle Market" named because of Geryon's stolen herd.〔Wiseman, ''Remus'', p. 40.〕 The Temple of Hercules Victor, which still stands, is atypically round, as was the Temple of ''Hercules Musarum'' in the Circus Flaminius.〔Michael Lipka, ''Roman Gods: A Conceptual Approach'' (Brill, 2009), p. 91.〕 The latter displayed ''fasti'', attributed to Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, which Jörg Rüpke places among the earliest Latin antiquarian literature; the poet Ennius may have influenced or contributed to their composition.〔Rüpke, ''Religion in Republican Rome,'' pp. 152–153.〕 Fulvius had attracted harsh criticism for enriching himself excessively with booty plundered from temples during his military campaigns. When he became censor, he added a portico to an existing temple of Hercules, most likely that of Hercules Magnus Custos ("Hercules the Great Guardian") in the Campus Martius. He then transferred a statue group of the Muses from his private collection to dedicate at the temple,〔Rüpke, ''Religion in Republican Rome,'' pp. 153–154.〕 which later housed the poets' guild ''(collegium poetarum)''.〔Rüpke, ''Religion in Republican Rome,'' p. 154.〕 Several place names in Italy were connected to Hercules' adventures. ''Vitulia'' as a name for the Italian peninsula supposedly came into usage because Hercules chased a runaway bullock ''(vitulus)'' there.〔Wiseman, ''Remus'', p. 39, citing Hellanicus of Mytilene.〕 The altar of Iuppiter Praestes at Tibur was supposed to have been established by Hercules himself.〔Wiseman, ''Remus'', p. 41.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hercules in ancient Rome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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